These, Those, This, and That: Examples of Demonstrative Determiners for English Language Learners

Introduction to Demonstrative Determiners

Demonstrative determiners are an essential part of English grammar, helping to specify and distinguish entities in both spoken and written communication. They include words like "this," "that," "these," and "those," and are used to point out specific nouns. These words convey information about the location of the noun in relation to the speaker, as well as whether the noun is singular or plural.

Singular vs. Plural

1. This: Used to refer to a singular noun that is near the speaker. - Example: This book is very interesting. (The book is close to the speaker.)

2. That: Used to refer to a singular noun that is farther away from the speaker. - Example: That house belongs to my uncle. (The house is at a distance from the speaker.)

3. These: The plural form of "this," used for multiple items that are close to the speaker. - Example: These apples are sweet. (The apples are near the speaker.)

4. Those: The plural form of "that," used for multiple items that are farther away from the speaker. - Example: Those mountains are majestic. (The mountains are not near the speaker.)

Usage Contexts

Demonstrative determiners can be used in various contexts, such as:

• Pointing out something physically present:

• Example: Do you see that star in the sky? (Pointing to something at a distance.)

• Referring to something previously mentioned:

• Example: I found a lost puppy. That puppy looked scared. (Referring back to the puppy already mentioned.)

• Introducing a topic or item to be discussed:

• Example: This idea might just work. (Introducing an idea for further discussion.)

• Contrasting or comparing:

• Example: This shirt is cheaper than that one. (Comparing two shirts, one nearer and one farther.)

Time and Abstract References

Demonstrative determiners can also be used to refer to time and abstract concepts, where "this" and "that" imply temporal nearness or distance:

• Present and recent times:

• Example: This year has been challenging. (Refers to the current year.)

• Past or future events:

• Example: That day will always be remembered. (Refers to a day in the past or potentially upcoming.)

Using demonstrative determiners correctly can greatly enhance clarity in communication. They ensure listeners and readers understand which specific items or concepts are being referred to, providing context and reducing ambiguity.

Usage of Demonstrative Determiners in Sentences

Demonstrative determiners serve to specify and distinguish nouns in a clear and succinct manner, adding precision to language. Here's a deeper look into their usage through various examples:

Physical Distance

• Near the Speaker:
• This sweater is warmer than I expected. (The sweater is close to the user.)

• These cookies smell delicious! (The cookies are nearby and probably just baked.)

• Far from the Speaker:

• That bicycle looks old, but it's still functional. (The bicycle is at a distance.)
• Those cars over there are for sale. *(The cars are further away.)

Emotional or Subjective Distance

• Emotionally Close:

• This memory will stay with me forever. (The memory feels close and personal.)

• Emotionally Distant:

• I don't want to think about that situation any longer. (The situation feels distanced or undesirable.)

Time References

• Present or Current:

• This moment is perfect. (Referring to the ongoing moment.)

• Past or Looking Ahead:

• I will never forget that summer we spent by the seaside. (Refers to a specific summer in the past.)

Abstract Concepts

• Ideas and Concepts:
• This theory explains the phenomenon well. (Introducing an idea close in discussion.)
• That kind of thinking is outdated. (Referring to a concept not aligned with current views.)

Instructional Contexts

• Giving Instructions:
• First, take these ingredients and mix them together. (Specifies which ingredients to use.)
• Then, add that mixture to the pan. (Refers to something previously discussed in the instructions.)

Comparative Scenarios

• Comparisons:
• This computer is faster than that one. (Directly comparing two different but related items.)
• I prefer this method over those alternatives. (Choosing one set of methods over others.)

Discussing Choices or Preferences

• Preferences:
• I would choose these options for their flexibility. (Highlighting a preferred selection.)
• Those decisions were beneficial in hindsight. *(Reflecting on past choices now seen positively.)

As seen in these examples, demonstrative determiners help convey clear and precise information about the specific nouns they modify. Whether referring to tangible items, times, or abstract concepts, their appropriate use is integral in effective communication.

Common Examples of Demonstrative Determiners

Demonstrative determiners are essential in English for pointing out specific nouns and indicating their relative location in terms of distance or time. The four primary demonstrative determiners are "this," "that," "these," and "those." Here, we'll explore various scenarios in which each can be used.

This and These

"This" is used to refer to a singular noun that is physically close to the speaker or writer:

• This book is fascinating. (The book is nearby.)
• Listen to this song. (The song is accessible or currently playing.)

"These" refers to plural nouns that are near:

• These flowers smell wonderful. (The flowers are probably within reach.)
• Are these gloves yours? (The speaker is holding or pointing to the gloves.)

That and Those

"That" points to a singular noun that is farther away or less immediately accessible:

• Look at that dog across the street! (The dog is at a distance.)
• Can you see that mountain? (The mountain is visible though distant.)

"Those" is used for plural nouns that are not close:

• Those stars are really bright tonight. (Stars are far away in the sky.)
• I remember those days fondly. (Referring to past days, distanced by time.)

Emotional Connections

Beyond physical proximity, demonstrative determiners also express emotional distance or closeness:

• This letter means a lot to me. (The letter is emotionally significant.)
• I try to avoid discussing that incident. (The incident has negative emotional connotations or is something the speaker wishes to distance themselves from.)

Referring to Time

Demonstrative determiners help clarify time references in conversations and narratives:

• I’ll deal with this problem now. (The problem is present and needs immediate attention.)
• Do you recall that event last year? (A past event, not current.)

Abstract and Complex Ideas

They can also refer to abstract ideas, ensuring clarity in explanations or arguments:

• This solution might be the most effective. (The speaker is introducing or highlighting a particular solution.)
• Those beliefs are hard to change. (Discussing a set of ideas or values from someone else's perspective.)

Instructional Language

In instructional or procedural contexts, demonstrative determiners provide clarity:

• You should choose this tool for the task. (Specifying a particular tool needed.)
• When you're done, store those items in the cabinet. (Referring to items previously mentioned or used.)

Demonstrative determiners are versatile tools in English, offering specificity whether discussing proximities, emotional connections, time frames, ideas, or instructions. Their correct usage enhances communication by clearly defining the focus of the discourse.

Differences Between Demonstrative Determiners

Demonstrative determiners, also known as demonstrative adjectives, are crucial in English as they help specify which particular nouns you're talking about based on their proximity to the speaker in terms of space, time, or even emotional closeness. Understanding these subtle differences can significantly enhance your communication.

This vs. That

"This" and "that" both refer to singular nouns, but their usage depends on the proximity:

• "This" is used for something near the speaker:
• This cup is mine. (The cup is close to the speaker, possibly on the table in front of them.)

• Do you like this jacket? (The speaker might be wearing it or holding it up.)

• "That" is for something farther away:

• That house on the hill is where I grew up. (The house is in view but not nearby.)
• Is that your car over there? (The car is not close to the speaker but visible.)

These vs. Those

When talking about more than one item, "these" and "those" are used for plural nouns:

• "These" implies the items are near:
• These apples are fresh. (The apples are in the speaker’s hand or on a nearby table.)

• Can you hand me these documents? (Documents are within reach.)

• "Those" indicates the items are farther:

• Those birds are flying high. (The birds are up in the sky.)
• Did you see those paintings at the museum? (The paintings were seen at a location visited earlier.)

Emotional and Abstract Distinctions

Demonstrative determiners can also convey emotional distance or relevance beyond physical space:

• Using "this" can imply an intimate connection:
• This memory will stay with me forever. (A cherished moment.)

• This victory feels amazing! (Referring to a recent win.)

• "That" can suggest emotional or temporal distance:

• That was a tough decision. (Perhaps recalling a past event.)
• I don't like talking about that topic. (A potentially sensitive subject.)

Clarifying Timing and Context

They also help situate events or discussions in time:

• This morning was hectic. (Referring to the current day's morning activities.)
• I was unaware of that regulation two years ago. (Talking about a past context.)

By grasping the nuances between "this," "that," "these," and "those," English learners can accurately navigate conversations, effectively expressing various dimensions of proximity and emotional significance.

Practice Exercises for Understanding Demonstrative Determiners

Engage with the following exercises to deepen your understanding of demonstrative determiners: "this," "that," "these," and "those." These exercises will help you identify and use these determiners in various contexts.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

1. __ backpack here is new, but ____ one over there is older.
2. ______ cookies smell delicious; can I have one?
3. Have you seen ______ stars tonight? They are incredibly bright!
4. ______ is the best book I've read this year. (Holding the book)
5. He gave me ______ files on my desk yesterday.

Exercise 2: Sentence Transformation

Rewrite the sentences, changing the singular nouns to plural and adjusting the demonstrative determiner accordingly.

1. This flower is beautiful. - Answer: These flowers are beautiful.

2. That idea was innovative. - Answer: Those ideas were innovative.

3. This toy is not yours. - Answer: These toys are not yours.

4. That chair looks comfortable. - Answer: Those chairs look comfortable.

Exercise 3: Sentence Selection

Choose the correct demonstrative determiner to complete these sentences:

1. ______ are my favorite shoes. (this/these)
2. ______ mountain in the distance is Mount Fuji. (that/those)
3. ______ was an unforgettable event we attended last weekend. (This/That)
4. ______ photos from our trip turned out amazing. (These/Those)

Exercise 4: Contextual Use

Study the scenarios below and select the appropriate demonstrative determiner for each:

1. You're holding a brochure for an art exhibit and say: "______ exhibition looks interesting."
2. Pointing to someone sitting across the room: "Who is ______ man talking to Jane?"
3. Picking up a few pencils from your desk: "I need to sharpen ______ pencils."
4. Remembering a trip from last year: "Do you recall ______ beach we visited?"

Exercise 5: Creative Writing

Write a short paragraph describing your desk using demonstrative determiners. Focus on both objects close to you and ones you can see at a distance.

Example: - This laptop on my desk is quite old, but it still works perfectly. Those books on the top shelf are some of my favorites to read during leisure time.

Through these exercises, practice distinguishing between near and far, as well as singular and plural forms of demonstrative determiners. By consistently using them in sentences, you will enhance your ability to communicate clearly and effectively.